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Champions

Early History - Two-Year-Old Free Handicaps

Perhaps the oldest version of what we might now recognize as a year-end determination of racing performance is the British Free Handicap, an assessment of two-year-olds by the official Jockey Club handicapper. The earliest reference to it is to a 1905 edition. Prior to 1928, only limited information on winners is available.

    British chart

In 1980, the Free Handicap became the European Free Handicap and was opened to horses trained in other countries.

    European chart

In 1920, the British Free Handicap was replicated with the American Experimental Free Handicap, from W. S. Vosburgh, explicitly a reflection of two-year-old form only, and only including horses he had personally seen run, thus resulting in a limited pool. The following year, he published the 1921 edition. In 1933, The Jockey Club began publishing its official rankings, and this version of the Experimental Free Handicap was continued until 2017 (except for 1934), when it was replaced with the Jockey Club's Top 2-Year-Old Rankings. These were in turn ended in 2019. In the early years of the Experimental Free Handicap, it was one of several handicap lists for the season's two-year-olds, including lists from Joe McCarty, Frank J. Bryan, and Dan Mahany.

    American chart

In Great Britain, a Free Handicap for three-year-olds was established in 1972, and one for older horses in 1974 (age in parentheses). Both were short lived, as in 1977 they were replaced with the International Classification.

    British 3yo & older chart


Voted Champions

The first voting for yearly champions was in 1936, in the United States, when both Triangle Publications, Inc., and Turf and Sport Digest published champions. Triangle Publications polled the staff of The Daily Racing Form and The Morning Telegraph, and Turf and Sport Digest polled selected sports writers and sportscasters. In 1950, the Thoroughbred Racing Associations, Inc., added a poll among racing secretaries at member tracks, and in 1954, the Thoroughbred Record began publishing champions determined by a mathematical scoring system based on pints awarded for stakes victories. In 1971, the four different determinations of champions were ended in favor of the single Eclipse Awards, which is based upon the votes of selected voters. Retrospective champions from 1887 onward have been selected by The Blood-Horse. Champion Three-year-old Female, Chamion Sprinter, Champion Grass/Turf Horse, and Champion Steeplechaser were all awarded inconsistently until 1965. Full lists can be easily found online, including from Thoroughbred Heritage and Wikipedia.

Great Britain's first Horse of the Year award was from the Bloodstock Breeders' Review, published from 1959 to 1965 and based on 20 racing journalists' opinions.

Year Horse Age Sex
1959 Petite Etoile 3yo Filly
1960 St Paddy 3yo Colt
1961 Right Royal 3yo Colt
1962 Match 4yo Colt
1963 Exbury 4yo Colt
1964 Santa Claus 3yo Colt
1965 Sea-Bird 3yo Colt

1965 brought an official British Racehorse of the Year award, for any horse who ran at least once in Great Britian that season, determined by a ballot from racing journalists and presented by the Racecourse Association from 1965 to 1977, at which point the Racegoers' Club took over.

Year Horse Age Sex Votes
1965 Sea-Bird 3yo Colt 228 / 240
1966 Charlottown 3yo Colt 176 / 240
1967 Busted 4yo Colt 18 / 40
1968 Sir Ivor 3yo Colt 26 / 40
1969 Park Top 5yo Mare 20 / 40
1970 Nijinsky 3yo Colt 38 / 40
1971 Mill Reef 3yo Colt 30 / 37
1972 Brigadier Gerard 4yo Colt 40 / 40
1973 Dahlia 3yo Filly 29 / 39
1974 Dahlia 4yo Filly 32 / 36
1975 Grundy 3yo Colt 38 / 40
1976 Pawneese 3yo Filly 21 / 40
1977 The Minstrel 3yo Colt 26 / 37
1978 Shirley Heights 3yo Colt 21 / 35
1979 Troy 3yo Colt 27 / 32
1980 Moorestyle 3yo Colt 23 / 31
1981 Shergar 3yo Colt 22 / 31
1982 Ardross 6yo Horse 17 / 30
1983 Habibti 3yo Filly 23 / 26
1984 Provideo 2yo Colt 17 / 30
1985 Pebbles 4yo Filly 28 / 30
1986 Dancing Brave 3yo Colt 27 / 27
1987 Reference Point 3yo Colt 12 / 20
1988 Mtoto 5yo Horse 20 / 21

Starting with the 1968/69 racing season, the Victoria Racing Club published an Australian Horse of the Year, based upon a poll of major racing club officials. In 1976/77 the Ansett Award, awarded by the Australian Racing Writers' Association based upon the opinions of its members, fulfilled the same purpose.

Year Horse Age Sex
1968/69 Vain 2yo Colt
1969/70 Rain Lover 5yo Horse
1970/71 Gay Icarus 3yo Gelding
1971/72 Gunsynd 4yo Colt
1972/73 Dayana 3yo Gelding
1973/74 Taj Rossi 3yo Colt
1974/75 Leilani 4yo Filly
1975/76 Lord Dudley 3yo Colt
1976/77 Surround 3yo Filly
1977/78 Maybe Mahal 5yo Mare
1978/79 Manikato 3yo Gelding
1979/80 Kingston Town 3yo Gelding
1980/81 Hyperno 7yo Gelding
1981/82 Rose of Kingston 3yo Filly
1982/83* Strawberry Road 3yo Colt
1982/83* Gurner's Lane 4yo Gelding
1983/84 Emancipation 4yo Filly
1984/85 Red Anchor 3yo Colt
1985/86 Bounding Away 2yo Filly
1986/87* Bonecrusher 4yo Gelding
1986/87* Placid Ark 3yo Gelding
1987/88 Beau Zam 3yo Colt
1988/89 Research 3yo Filly
1989/90 Almaarad 7yo Horse
1990/91 Better Loosen Up 5yo Gelding
1991/92 Let's Elope 4yo Filly
1992/93 Veandercross 4yo Gelding

*Disagreement between the VRC and ARWA. VRC declared Strawberry Road Horse of the Year for 1982/83 and Bonecrusher in 1986/87. ARWA declared Gurner's Lane Horse of the Year for 1982/83 and Placid Ark in 1986/87.

Australian divisional champions from 1993/94 to 2022/23 are listed below.

Season Horse of the Year Mare 2yo Filly 2yo Colt 3yo Filly 3yo Colt Older Horse/Mare Sprinter Stayer Steeplechaser Miler
2022/23 Anamoe (AUS) Learning to Fly (AUS) Shinzo (AUS) & Militarize (NZ) In Secret (AUS) Giga Kick (AUS) I Wish I Win (NZ) & Nature Strip (AUS) & Dubai Honour (IRE), Imperatriz (AUS) Giga Kick (AUS), In Secret (AUS) Gold Trip (FR) Stern Idol (IRE) Anamoe (AUS)
2021/22 Nature Strip (AUS) Fireburn (AUS) Daumier (AUS) & Best of Bordeaux (AUS) Startantes (AUS) & El Patroness (AUS) Home Affairs (AUS) Nature Strip (AUS), Verry Elleegant (NZ) Nature Strip (AUS) Verry Elleegant (NZ) Saunter Boy (FR)
2020/21 Verry Elleegant (NZ) Arcaded (AUS) Stay Inside (AUS) Hungrey Heart (AUS) Ole Kirk (AUS) Nature Strip (AUS) Gold Medals (NZ)
2019/20 Nature Strip (AUS) Away Game (AUS) Farnan (AUS) Loving Gaby (AUS) Yes Yes Yes (AUS) Nature Strip (AUS), Lys Gracieux (JPN) Nature Strip (AUS), Arcadia Queen (AUS) Vow and Declare (AUS) Tallyho Twinkletoe (NZ) Avilius (GB)
2018/19 Winx (AUS) Kiamichi (AUS) Microphone (AUS) Mystic Journey (AUS) The Autumn Sun (AUS) Winx (AUS) Santa Ana Lane (AUS), Alizee (AUS) Best Solution (IRE) Zed Em (NZ)
2017/18 Winx (AUS) Estijaab (AUS) Written By (AUS) Alizee (AUS) Trapeze Artist (AUS) Redzel (AUS), Winx (AUS) Redzel (AUS) Rekindling (GB) Gold Medals (NZ)
2016/17 Winx (AUS) She Will Reign (AUS) Invader (AUS) Yankee Rose (AUS) Flying Artie (AUS) Winx (AUS) Chautauqua (AUS), English (AUS) Jameka (AUS) Wells (AUS)
2015/16 Winx (AUS) Yankee Rose (AUS) Capitalist (AUS) English (AUS) Tarzino (NZ) Winx (AUS) Chautauqua (AUS), First Seal (AUS) Preferment (NZ) Zanteco (NZ)
2014/15 Dissident (AUS) English (AUS) Vancouver (AUS) Delicacy (AUS) Brazen Beau (AUS) Dissident (AUS) Dissident (AUS) Protectionist (GER) Bashboy (AUS) Contributer (IRE)
2013/14 Lankan Rupee (AUS) Earthquake (AUS) Almalad (AUS) Guelph (AUS) Shamus Award (AUS) Lankan Rupee (AUS), Atlantic Jewel (ARG) Lankan Rupee (AUS), Samaready (AUS) Fiorente (IRE) Gotta Take Care (AUS) It's a Dundeel (NZ)
2012/13 Black Caviar (AUS) Overreach (AUS) Sidestep (AUS) Norzita (NZ) All Too Hard (AUS) Black Caviar (AUS) Bashboy (AUS) Ocean Park (NZ)
2011/12 Black Caviar (AUS) Pierro (AUS) Atlantic Jewel (AUS) Sepoy (AUS) Black Caviar (AUS) Dunaden (FR) Bashboy (AUS)
2010/11 Black Caviar (AUS) Sepoy (AUS) Shamrocker (NZ) Star Witness (AUS) Black Caviar (AUS) Americain (USA) Black and Bent (AUS) So You Think (NZ)
2009/10 Typhoon Tracy (AUS) Crystal Lily (AUS) Decision Time (AUS) Faint Perfume (AUS) So You Think (NZ) Starspangledbanner (AUS) Shocking (AUS) Black and Bent (AUS)
2008/09 Scenic Blast (AUS) Headway (AUS) Phelan Ready (AUS) Samantha Miss (AUS) Whobegotyou (AUS) Scenic Blast (AUS) Viewed (AUS) Pentiffic (NZ)
2007/08 Weekend Hussler (AUS) Sebring (AUS) Heavenly Glow (AUS) Weekend Hussler (AUS) Apache Cat (AUS) Efficient (NZ) Some Are Bent (AUS)
2006/07 Miss Andretti (AUS) Meurice (AUS) Miss Finland (AUS) Haradasun (AUS) Desert War (AUS) Miss Andretti (AUS) Delta Blues (AUS) Some Are Bent (AUS)
2005/06 Makybe Diva (GB) Miss Finland (AUS) Serenade Rose (AUS) Racing to Win (AUS) Makybe Diva (GB) Takeover Target (AUS) Makybe Diva (GB) Karasi (IRE)
2004/05 Makybe Diva (GB) Fashions Afield (AUS) Alinghi (AUS) Fastnet Rock (AUS) Grand Armee (AUS), Elvstroem (AUS) Fastnet Rock (AUS) Makybe Diva (GB) Karasi (IRE)
2003/04 Lonhro (AUS) Alinghi (AUS) Dance Hero (AUS) Regimental Gal (AUS) Starcraft (NZ) Exceed and Excel (AUS) Makybe Diva (GB) Topzoff (AUS) Lonhro (AUS)
2002/03 Northerly (AUS) Sunline (NZ) Hasna (AUS) Winestock (AUS) Private Steer (AUS) Helenus (AUS) Yell (AUS) Specular (AUS)
2001/02 Sunline (NZ) Victory Vein (AUS) Choisir (AUS) Ha Ha (AUS) Viscount (AUS) Falvelon (AUS) Ethereal (NZ) St. Steven (NZ)
2000/01 Sunline (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Ha Ha (AUS) Viscount (AUS) Unwordly (AUS) Universal Prince (AUS), Assertive Lad (AUS) Falvelon (AUS) Brew (NZ) St. Steven (NZ)
1999/2000 Sunline (NZ) Assertive Lad (AUS) Fairway (AUS) Sunline (NZ) Testa Rossa (AUS) Tie the Knot (AUS) Leading Bounty (NZ) Sunline (NZ)
1998/99 Might and Power (NZ) Grand Archway (AUS) Catbird (AUS) Grand Archway (AUS) Tie the Knot (AUS) Isca (AUS) Marlborough (NZ)
1997/98 Might and Power (NZ) Dane Ripper (AUS) Dracula (AUS) Gold Guru (AUS) Moon Chase (AUS)
1996/97 Saintly (AUS) Arctic Scent (AUS) Encounter (AUS) Mouawad (NZ) Palace Symphony (AUS)
1995/96 Octagonal (NZ) Electronic (NZ) Merlene (AUS) Octagonal (NZ) Doriemus (NZ) The Shu (NZ)
1994/95 Jeune (GB) Starstruck (AUS) Octagonal (NZ) Danewin (AUS) Jeune (GB) Cold Reason (AUS)
1993/94 Mahogany (AUS) Flitter (NZ) Danzero (AUS) Mahogany (AUS) Durbridge (AUS) Tennessee Blue (AUS)

The French magazine Courses & Elevage polled racing journalists to determine a French Horse of the Year starting in 1979.

Year Horse Age Sex
1979 Three Troikas 3yo Filly
1980 Detroit 3yo Filly
1981 Bikala 3yo Colt
1982 Saint Cyrien 2yo Colt
1983 All Along 4yo Filly
1984 Northern Trick 3yo Filly
1985 Sagace 5yo Horse
1986 Dancing Brave 3yo Colt
1987 Miesque 3yo Filly
1988 Miesque 4yo Filly

West Germany had a Horse of the Year award inaugurated in 1957, which became the German Horse of the Year award after reunification in 1990.

Year Horse Age Sex
1957 Thila 3yo Filly
1958 Orsini 4yo Colt
1959 Obermaat 5yo Horse
1960 Waldmann 4yo Colt
1961 Baalim 3yo Colt
1962 Windbruch 5yo Horse
1963 Mercurius 3yo Colt
1964 Mercurius 4yo Colt
1965 Kronzeuge 4yo Colt
1966 Ilix 3yo Colt
1967 Luciano 3yo Colt
1968 Luciano 4yo Colt
1969 Hitchcock 3yo Colt
1970 Alpenkönig 3yo Colt
1971 Lombard 4yo Colt
1972 Lombard 5yo Horse
1973 Athenagoras 3yo Colt
1974 Marduk 3yo Colt
1975 Star Appeal 5yo Horse
1976 Windwurf 4yo Colt
1977 Windwurf 5yo Horse
1978 Esclavo 2yo Colt
1979 Königsstuhl 3yo Colt
1980 Nebos 4yo Colt
1981 Orofino 3yo Colt
1982 Orofino 4yo Colt
1983 Orofino 5yo Horse
1984 Las Vegas 3yo Filly
1985 Acatenango 3yo Colt
1986 Acatenango 4yo Colt
1987 Acatenango 5yo Horse
1988 Kondor 4yo Colt
1989 Mondrian 3yo Colt
1990 Mondrian 4yo Colt
1991 Lomitas 3yo Colt
1992 Platini 3yo Colt
1993 Monsun 3yo Colt
1994 Lando 4yo Colt
1995 Lando 5yo Horse
1996 Lavirco 3yo Colt
1997 Borgia 3yo Filly
1998 Tiger Hill 3yo Colt
1999 Tiger Hill 4yo Colt
2000 Samun 3yo Colt
2001 Silvano 3yo Colt
2002 Paolini 5yo Horse
2003 Ransom O'War 3yo Colt
2004 Soldier Hollow 4yo Colt
2005 Shirocco 4yo Colt
2006 Prince Flori 3yo Colt
2007 Quijano 5yo Gelding
2008 It's Gino 5yo Horse
2009 Night Magic 3yo Filly
2010 Scalo 3yo Colt
2011 Danedream 3yo Filly
2012 Danedream 4yo Filly
2013 Novellist 4yo Colt
2014 Sea the Moon 3yo Colt
2015 Nightflower 4yo Filly
2016 Iquitos 4yo Colt
2017 Dschingis Secret 4yo Colt
2018 Iquitos 6yo Horse
2019 Rubaiyat 3yo Colt
2020 Toquator Tasso 3yo Colt

In 1951, the Toronto edition of The Daily Racing Form polled racing journalists to determine the Canadian Horse of the Year. In 1975, this was replaced and expanded into the Sovereign Awards, including divional champions. Winners can be found on Wikipedia and the Canadian Jockey Club website.

New Zealand has had a Horse of the Year award from the 1973/74 season, awarded by the New Zealand Thoroughbred Breeders' Association, with a full list of winners available on their website.

New Zealand also has divisional champions, those from 1998/99 onwards are shown below.

Year Horse of the Year Mare of the Year Champion 2yo Colt Champion 2yo Filly Champion 3yo Colt Champion 3yo Filly Champion Sprinter Champion Miler Champion Middle Distance Champion Jumper Champion Stayer Champion Older Horse Champion Older Mare
2022/23 Sharp 'N Smart (NZ) Tokyo Tycoon (NZ) Sharp 'N Smart (NZ) Imperatriz (AUS) Prowess (NZ) Pennyweka (NZ)
2021/22 Probabeel (NZ) Maven Belle (NZ) Imperatriz (AUS) Levante (AUS) Levante (AUS) Probabeel (NZ) The Cossack (NZ) The Chosen One (NZ)
2020/21 Probabeel (NZ) Amarelinha (NZ) Sword of State (AUS) Aegon (NZ) Probabeel (NZ) Probabeel (NZ) Melody Belle (NZ) The Cossack (NZ) The Chosen One (NZ)
2019/20 Melody Belle (NZ) Cool Aza Beel (NZ) Catalyst (NZ) Melody Belle (NZ) Melody Belle (NZ) The Chosen One (NZ) The Chosen One (NZ)
2018/19 Melody Belle (NZ) Yourdeel (NZ) Madison Country (NZ) Melody Belle (NZ) Danzdanzdance (AUS) Jackfrost (NZ) Glory Days (NZ)
2017/18 Bonneval (NZ) Dijon Bleu (NZ) Avantage (AUS) Savvy Coup (NZ) Kawi (NZ) Bonneval (NZ) Charles Road (AUS)
2016/17 Bonneval (NZ) Melody Belle (NZ) Bonneval (NZ) Start Wondering (NZ) Kawi (NZ) Kick Back (NZ) Bonneval (NZ)
2015/16 Mongolian Khan (AUS) Sacred Elixir (NZ) Xtravagant (NZ) Turn Me Loose (NZ) Turn Me Loose (NZ) Jack Romanov (NZ), Sea King (NZ) Mongolian Khan (AUS)
2014/15 Mongolian Khan (AUS) Marky Mark (AUS) Mongolian Khan (AUS) Sacred Star (AUS) Soriano (NZ) Amanood Lad (NZ) Mongolian Khan (AUS)
2013/14 Dundeel (NZ) Vespa (NZ) Puccini (NZ) Bounding (AUS) Dundeel (NZ) Rangatira (NZ) Silent Achiever (NZ)
2012/13 Ocean Park (NZ) Ruud Awakening (AUS) Dundeel (NZ) Habibi (NZ) Final Touch (NZ) Ocean Park (NZ) Tom's Myth (NZ) Sangster (NZ)
2011/12 Mufhasa (NZ) Warhorse (NZ) Rollout the Carpet (AUS) Rock 'n' Pop (AUS) Silent Achiever (NZ) Mufhasa (NZ) Jimmy Choux (NZ) Ima Heroine (NZ) Shez Sinsational (NZ)
2010/11 Jimmy Choux (NZ) Antonio Lombardo (NZ) Anabandana (AUS) Jimmy Choux (NZ) King's Rose (NZ) Mufhasa (NZ) Wall Street (NZ) Hyptonize (NZ) Showcause (AUS)
2009/10 Vosne Romance (NZ) Banchee (NZ) Katie Lee (AUS) Wall Street (NZ) Wall Street (NZ) Fair King (NZ) Red Ruler (NZ) Vosne Romance (NZ)
2008/09 Mufhasa (NZ) The Heckler (AUS) Daffodil (NZ) Mufhasa (NZ) Mufhasa (NZ) Hypnotize (NZ) Nom Du Jeu (NZ)
2007/08 Seachange (NZ) Il Quello Veloce (NZ) Alamosa (NZ) Insouciant (NZ) Hypnotize (NZ) Princess Coup (AUS) Princess Coup (AUS)
2006/07 Seachange (NZ) Nightlign (NZ) Crossyourheart (NZ) Jokers Wild (NZ) Princess Coup (AUS) Darci Brahma (NZ) Van Winkle (NZ) Pentathon (NZ) Sir Slick (NZ)
2005/06 Xcellent (NZ) Jokers Wild (NZ) Chant (NZ) Darci Brahma (NZ) Shikoba (NZ) Gee I Jane (NZ) Gee I Jane (NZ) Just the Man (NZ) Xcellent (NZ)
2004/05 Xcellent (NZ) Darci Brahma (NZ) Xcellent (NZ) She's Justa Tad (NZ) Calveen (NZ) Calveen (NZ) No Hero (NZ) Zabeat (NZ)
2003/04 King's Chapel (AUS) Keeninsky (NZ) King's Chapel (AUS) King's Chapel (AUS) King's Chapel (AUS) Cuchulainn (IRE) Upsetthym (NZ)
2002/03 Tit for Taat (NZ) Maroofity (NZ) The Jewel (NZ) Tit for Taat (NZ) Tit for Taat (NZ) Golden Flare (NZ) Honor Babe (NZ)
2001/02 Sunline (NZ) Grout (NZ) Leica Guv (NZ) Sunline (NZ) St. Steven (NZ) Ethereal (NZ)
2000/01 Sunline (NZ) Flying Babe (AUS) Tit For Taat (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Rand (NZ) Smiling Like (NZ)
1999/2000 Sunline (NZ) Spring Rain (NZ) Buzz Lightyear (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Royal Ways (NZ) Second Coming (NZ)
1998/99 Sunline (NZ) One Under (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Sunline (NZ) Kildary King(??) Jezabeel (NZ)

Argentina's Distinciones Carlos Pellegrini have been awarded since 1979, with a list of winners available here. As the awards are awarded for each year and Argentina runs on a Southern Hemisphere time, it is possible for a horse to win awards for multiple age categories in any single year.

Peru's Premios Postín have been awarded since 1984, with a list of winners available here.

Japan's JRA Awards have been awarded since 1987, with a list of winners available here, and the NAR Grand Prix have been awarded since 1990, with a list of winners available here.

Europe's Cartier Awards have been awarded since 1991, with a list of winners available here and here.

Brazil's Troféu Mossoró has been awarded since 2002, with a list of winners available here.

South Africa's Equus Awards have been awarded since 2001, with a list of winners available here


International Classification


Jumping Champions


Current Championships

Country Award Name Inauguration
Argentina Distinciones Carlos Pellegrini 1979
Australia Australian Thoroughbred Racing Awards 1994
Brazil Troféu Mossoró 2002
Canada Sovereign Awards 1975
Europe Cartier Awards 1991
Japan JRA Awards 1987
Japan NAR Grand Prix 1990
New Zealand New Zealand Racehorse Awards 1974
Peru Premios Postín 1984
South Africa Equus Awards 2010
United States Eclipse Awards 1971

Bibliography